海鳗鱼鳔营养成分分析及鱼鳔营养液的研制

以海鳗鱼鳔为原料，对其营养成分进行分析，并利用其制备鱼鳔营养液。实验结果表明：海鳗鱼鳔的粗蛋白含量高达24．63％，呈味氨基酸（谷氨酸、甘氨酸、天门冬氨酸、丙氨酸）占氨基酸总量的52．5％，其中甘氨酸含量占氨基酸总量的23．4％；维生素E含量高达1．52mg／100g，Ca含量为13．25mg／100g，Fe、Zn也较丰富；鱼鳔经65℃低温浸提制得鱼鳔胶，通过正交试验确定海鳗鱼鳔营养液的最适配方，即每100g鱼鳔胶添加75g中药提取液、4mL黄酒及15g冰糖，以此制得的营养液中粗蛋白含量高达5．87％，色泽、风味、口感较好。     

Comparison of direct and indirect methods of intra‐abdominal pressure measurement in normal horses

Objectives – To develop a direct method for measuring intra‐abdominal pressures in the standing horse, identify a reference interval for direct intra‐abdominal pressures, compare these pressures to indirect intra‐abdominal pressures measured from the bladder, and determine the optimal bladder infusion volume for indirect pressure measurement. Design – Prospective, experimental study. Setting – A university‐based equine research facility. Animals – Ten healthy adult horses, 5 males and 5 females. Interventions – Direct intra‐abdominal pressures were measured through an intraperitoneal cannula and zeroed at the height midway between the height of the tuber ishii and point of the shoulder. Indirect measurements of intra‐abdominal pressure were performed by measuring intravesicular pressures through a transurethral catheter zeroed at the tuber ishii. Measurements and Main Results – Direct pressure measurements obtained in the standing horse were subatmospheric (mean, ?1.80 cm H₂O; SD, 1.61 cm H₂O; 95% CI, ?2.80 to ?0.80) and were shown to decrease as the horse's weight increased (Pearson's r=?0.67, P=0.04), with no effect of head position (P=0.15). Mean baseline indirect pressure measurements (mean, ?8.63 cm H₂O; SD, 4.37 cm H₂O; 95% CI, ?13.05 to ?4.21) were significantly different from the pressures measured directly from the abdomen (P<0.001). Indirect pressure measurements were noted to increase with increasing volumes infused into the bladder, and were statistically different at a volume of 100 mL (P=0.004). There was low to moderate correlation between direct and indirect pressure measurements of intra‐abdominal pressure over a range of fluid volumes infused into the bladder (Pearson's correlation range ?0.38 to 0.58). Conclusion – Pressures measured directly in the standing horse were subatmospheric, and increased as the horse's weight increased. Indirect pressures measured were altered by increasing volumes infused in the bladder. There was no significant correlation between the 2 methods of intra‐abdominal pressure measurement.     

Audiogram measurement based on the auditory brainstem response for juvenile Japanese sand lance <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ammodytes personatus</Emphasis>

In this study, the auditory thresholds for juvenile Japanese sand lance Ammodytes personatus were measured based on its auditory brainstem response (ABR). The amplitude of the ABR waveforms to a sound stimulus were larger than that of the electric background noise caused by general brainwaves and myogenic signals after the averaging procedure. Japanese sand lance responded to low frequency sounds between 128 Hz and 512 Hz with a sound pressure level of 115–125 dB. As the test frequency decreased, so did the auditory threshold level, and the level was about 116 dB at 128 Hz and 181 Hz. These results indicate that Japanese sand lance can detect low frequency sound but are less sensitive than other fish species. These high thresholds are probably caused by the lack of a swim bladder.     

欧洲鳗鲡“狂游病”的血液学判别

利用聚类分析和判别分析方法，对患“狂游病”的和健康的欧洲鳗鲡（Anguilla anguilla)各30尾，53项血液指标，共3180个参数进行综合分析，建立了区别“狂游病”欧洲鳗鲡和健康鳗鲡的判别公式，并介绍了其血液学判别方法。     

Evaluation of microsatellite instability in urine for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the lower urinary tract in dogs

Background: The accumulation of frame‐shift mutations in microsatellites (MS), termed microsatellite instability (MSI), is associated with certain tumors. MSI and its detection in urine samples has been used to aid in the detection of human bladder cancer. Hypothesis: Evaluation of MSI in urine is a useful assay test for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs and is more specific than the commercially available, veterinary bladder tumor analyte (V‐BTA) test. Animals: Seventy‐three dogs: healthy controls (n= 21), proteinuric (n= 12), lower urinary tract disease excluding TCC (n= 17), and TCC (n= 23). Methods: Prospective observational study. Urine samples collected from each animal were evaluated for MSI and using the V‐BTA. For MSI detection, 22 MS sequences were polymerase chain reaction amplified from urine and blood, subjected to capillary electrophoresis, and the MS genotypes were compared. Aberration in ≥15% of MS was considered indicative of MSI. Results: MSI was detected in 11 of 23 (48%) urine samples from dogs with TCC. MSI was also detected in 12 of 50 (24%) of the control animals, including 29, 16, and 24% of healthy, proteinuric, and lower urinary disease dogs, respectively. In this population, sensitivity and specificity of MSI analysis was 48 and 76%, respectively, compared with 83 and 64%, respectively, for the V‐BTA test. Conclusions: MS analysis as performed in this study is not useful in the diagnosis of TCC.     

Carcinoma in the urinary bladder of a cat: cytologic findings and a review of the literature

Percutaneous fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) was used to diagnose a urinary bladder carcinoma in an aged cat. The cytologic appearance of specimens collected initially was similar to that reported for canine transitional cell carcinoma. However, impression smears of the tumor made at necropsy 7 weeks later consisted predominantly of atypical squamous epithelial cells compatible with squamous cell carcinoma. Histologically, the malignancy was noted to have intermixed areas of abnormal squamous and transitional cell proliferation. The neoplasia was interpreted as a transitional cell carcinoma with extensive transformation to squamous cell carcinoma. This report examines the use and limitations of FNAB in the diagnosis of feline urinary bladder carcinoma and the incidence and behavior of these tumors in the cat.     

Ultrasonography of a ureteral and bladder fungal granuloma caused by Scedosporium apiospermum in a basset hound

A 5‐year‐old, spayed female, Basset Hound was referred for evaluation of a urinary bladder mass. Ultrasonographic images revealed a large, inhomogeneous, hypoechoic mass associated with the dorsal wall of the neck of the urinary bladder and left ureter. Partial cystectomy and left ureteral reimplantation were performed. Histopathology showed a severe inflammatory mass lesion forming multiple granulomas. A DNA sequencing test revealed Scedosporium apiospermum as the causative agent. Susceptibility tests on the isolated strain indicated susceptibility to voriconazole. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report describing S. apiospermum as a cause of granulomas involving the canine ureterovesicular junction.     

Survival analysis in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma that underwent whole‐body computed tomography at diagnosis

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate factors associated with survival and to compare characteristics between tumour localizations in dogs with urinary transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) that underwent whole‐body computed tomography (CT) at diagnosis. Dogs with histologically confirmed TCC that received medical therapy between 2010 and 2017 were included; dogs that underwent surgery or radiotherapy for the primary tumour were excluded. According to the CT findings, primary tumour localization (classified into the Bladder, Urethra and Bladder and Urethra groups), prostate involvement, iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly and metastasis to the bone and lung were evaluated for survival analysis. CT at diagnosis revealed iliosacral lymphadenomegaly, sternal lymphadenomegaly, bone metastasis and lung metastasis in 47.7%, 18.5%, 24.6% and 35.4% of the 65 included dogs, respectively. The overall median survival time was 196 days. On multivariable analysis, TCC localization (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; P = .037), bone metastasis (HR, 2.76; P = .013) and sternal lymphadenomegaly (HR, 3.56; P = .004) were significantly associated with survival. Compared to the Bladder group (n = 16), the Urethra group (n = 26) had higher metastasis rates to the bone (6.3% vs 42.3%; P = .045) and lung (6.3% vs 46.2%; P = .022). The survival time was shorter in the Urethra group than in the Bladder group (121.5 vs 420 days; P < .001), and it was similar only in female dogs (247 vs 420 days; P = .031). These findings suggest that whole‐body CT could be valuable for predicting the prognosis in urinary TCC.